The Islamic Concept Of Charity And Security Religion Essay

The Islamic Concept Of Charity And Security Religion Essay The contemporary debate of the charity has been long in the literature Melvin 2009, Ferrari and Khan 2010, Shirazi 1996, Scott 1987 and Waldron 1986. Specifically, the religious zeal and zest revolves around the notion of charity (Iwobi 2009). Islamic concept of charity is not exception for that debate of social welfare and the security (Scott 1987). It emphasizes on the moral values and the contribution to the neglected segment o f the society. However, Islamic concept of charity and social security has never been debated in the light of the moral economy. This paper is intended to give a comparative view about the different notions of the Islamic charity (zakat, sadqah and donation). The concept of charity, in general, is not new because every religion of the world preached that charity. However, the focus of this paper is to highlight the forms of charity in Islam, their differences and their impact on the multiculturalism and the formation of the moral economy. The definition of charity in Islamic tradition differs and it is context specific. However, its aim and goals remain the same. The Quran states: And be steadfast in your prayer and pay charity; whatever good you send forth for your future, you shall find it with Allah, for Allah is well aware of what you do (Al-Quran: Al-Baqara 2:110). Similarly, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: No wealth (of a servant of Allah) is decreased because of charity (Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith No. 2247). Charity is the fifth pillar of Islam and its reward will be given in the after world. The charity is not reciprocity for this world, but the world after. The Quran declare the five basic concept of the zakat. These concepts included: infaq (spending benevolently), ihsan (kindness), zakah (purification), sadqah (charitable deed) and khayrat (good deeds). However, Islam does not force anyone to give charity. It is obligatory in the form of zakat and voluntary in the shape of sadqah (charity) and donation. 2. Basic concepts of charity in Islam Islamic charity has three basic concepts: zakat, sadaqah and donation. 2.1 Zakat (alms giving) The zakat (Ø ²Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½) is extracted from the word zaka to be pure that denotes purification. The Quran highlights to the purification of wealth and states: Of their wealth take alms to purify and sanctify them (Al-Quran, Al-Tawbah 9:103). The zakat is obligation on a Muslim. It is moral duty of a Muslim to pay zakat at the rate of 2.5% per year. A Muslim cannot deny the zakat. The Quran lists recipients of Zakat: Zakat is for the poor and the needy and those who are employed to administer and collect it, and for those whose hearts are to be won over, and for the freeing of human beings from bondage, and for those who are overburdened with debts and for every struggle in Gods cause, and for the wayfarers: this is a duty ordained by God, and God is the All-Knowing, the Wise. (Al-Quran 9:60). The zakat is given individually to the relatives, neighbors and vulnerable communities. It is also administered collectively: Muslim charity organization, some of the Muslim states regulates the departments which are responsible of the charity (for instance Ministry of Religious Affairs, Zakat and Ushr in Pakistan) and Muslim associations. Nevertheless, zakat is mandatory to every Muslim (who can pay), but it is willful to pay individually or collectively. 2.2 Sadaqah (charity) The word sadaqah (Ø µÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½) is derived from the Arabic root sadaqah which means to be truthful and hence sadaqah implies engaging in any virtuous and moral act in order to earn happiness of God. The sadaqah has certain principals which a Muslim must follow. One, sadaqah is given in the name of God. Second, the money or the donation should be from the legal sources. Islam discourages the illegitimate (stolen or unethically gained) money or resources. Third, surplus money (beyond the need of a person) is the money of God and Muslims are custodian of it. Therefore, they should spend and return the money to the needy, poor and spend on the ways of God  [4]  . The Quran outlines the charity: Those who (in charity) spend of their goods by night and by day, in secret and in public, have their reward with their Lord: on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. (Al-Quran, Al-Baqarah 2:274). The Quran further highlights: And spend something (in charity) out of the substance which We have bestowed on you, before Death should come to any of you and he should say, O my Lord! Why didst Thou not give me respite for a little while? I should then have given (largely) in charity, and I should have been one of the doers of good. But to no soul will Allah grant respite when the time appointed (for it) has come; and Allah is well acquainted with (all) that ye do. (Al-Quran, Al-Munafiqun 63: 10-11). Further, the Quran states: And they feed, for the love of Allah, the indigent, the orphan, and the captive. We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: no reward do we desire from you, nor thanks. (Al-Quran, Al Insà ¢n 76:8-9). In another statement, the Quran states: For those who give in Charity, men and women, and loan to Allah a Beautiful Loan, it shall be increased manifold (to their credit), and they shall have (besides) a liberal reward (Al-Quran, Al Hadà ®d 57:18). Sadaqah is important for a number of purposes. It reduces the sins and increases the virtue of a Muslim. It compensates for shortcoming in any negligence in the payment of zakat. For instance, if a person forgets to pay zakat in the past or was guilty to pay the zakat, the sadaqah reduces the burden of the past. Sadaqah give a sense of protection not only the giver but also to the receiver of falling victim of disaster. God pleasure is received through the sadaqah. It is pleasure of the giver of the charity. The person feels happiness and fulfills his/ her obligation to the betterment of the humanity. Model of Islamic Charity Sadqah and donation: Volunteer charity No specification of rate or time Depends upon the capacity of an individual capacity Zakat: Obligatory charity Wealth: (income, earnings and savings) at the rate of 2.5% per anum Agriculture product: Crops (around 10%). Islamic Tresury (Fund): Bait-ul-Mal Spending: Needy, poor (orphans, widows), employees to administer and collect zakat, for those whose hearts are to be won over, captive (prisoners), in debts and scholars, and for the wayfarers. Social Security: Marginalized persons, communities Moral Economy: Good faith, fairness, justice, equality Fig 1.1 Fig 1.1 indicates that Islamic notion of charity is mainly based on the zakat, sadaqah and donation. These donations are collected at the Islamic funds. The fund is used to look after the marginalized community. This welfare is a form of social security. Everything related to the Islamic charity is based on the moral economy. The notion of moral economy is main crux of the charity. 2.3 Donation Third term which is often used is the donation. The donation refers to give money, gift or compensate the person, organization who is in need. A donation is typical a charity and it serves the purpose of humanity. Different words are used for the donation: khairat (Ø ®Ãƒâ€ºÃ…’Ø ± Ø Ø ª) or attya (Ø ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ·Ãƒâ€ºÃ…’Û ). These words denote the charity collectively and individually. Islam appreciates the donation to the cause of the humanity. It is normally given at the time of disaster, emergency, people in need, to save a human being, construct an educational institution and to feed the hungry people. 3. Difference between zakat, sadaqah and donation Zakat, sadaqah and donations are different kinds of charities in Islamic ideology. Zakat is the obligatory annual alms-giving which is determined on the basis of the value of ones own wealth. It is calculated 2.5% as per Islamic traditions in an year. The zakat is calculated at the beginning of the Islamic month Ramadan. According to the Islamic scholars, the zakat must be collected from the Muslims. This principal does not apply to the non- Muslims living in a Muslim state. It is mandatory and has strict verdict to pay the zakat, however, without any penalty for it. Zakat is responsibility of the only person who owns wealth. It is liable on the individual and the family. However, the sadaqah is a charity that is given beside the zakat contribution over the surplus wealth. It is volunteer act and without any percentage. Sadaqah is not specified as only monetary terms (feeding the poor and the needy), but also given support to the orphans, widows in the form of advising or counseling. It also includes the volunteer activities for the befit of the community at larger: teaching to the poor, giving sense of good faith and advising them to excel on the right path, the path of God. Similarly, some of the Islamic scholars believe that to form charity organization, construct educational institutions (mosque, school, college, universities) and construction of well (to clean water supply to the community) are the different forms of sadaqah. It can be given on the name of any relative (parents or children), if a person wishes to do so. Nevertheless, the sadaqah is volunteer act of the person and depend upon the capacity and surplus wealth of the person. On the other hand, the donation is neither time specific nor it is mandatory or obligatory. It is volunteer activity of a person. It significantly differs from the zakat, but close to the sadaqah. Nevertheless, these three types of the charity contribute to the welfare of the humanity altogether. 4. Comparative view of charity: Development of moral economy Islamic notion of charity (in its different forms) generates a moral economy. This is the economy which is based on the good faith and welfare of the humanity. In line with Bollig (1998) and Thompsons (1971, 1993) notion of moral economy. Islamic charity gives the following notion of charity. 4.1 Islamic charity: Moral injection Benthall (1999) highlights the Quranic injection of charity. According to Benthall the Islamic system of almsgiving (zakat) is more organized than other societies. For him, the zakat is closely associated with the prayers and the worship of God, therefore, the Muslim are morally obliged to pay the zakat to the poor, to the needy as per Islamic conception. He argued that Zakat can be distributed in poor, needy, orphans, widows, divorcees, prisoners and their families, unemployed and homeless people, students, those who cannot afford to marry. It is also for the disasters victims and those in need of free medicine or dignified funerals of a person who need it (Benthall 1999:31). Therefore, the Islamic charity is a moral injection to work for the betterment of the humanity. 4.2 Zakat: Powerful instrument to poverty eradication Zakat denotes growth, extension and purification and it is a donation on wealth and agriculture product. The zakat is collected as per nature of the wealth. It is collected to fulfill the tire needs of the marginalized segment of the society. The zakat is fundamental creed of Islam: It obligatory act of worship (Mohammad 1991). According to Mohammad (1996), the zakat is a system that has potential to eradicate poverty and inequalities (1991:1119). The zakat system is well organized system for the development of a country but it can be more organized for poverty eradication and for the maintenance of a society like Pakistan (Mohammad 1991). Similarly, a survey was conducted in 1990/91 of the household Integrated Economic Survey in Pakistan and findings revealed that the zakat and usher were the significant to contribute the lives of the people (Shirazi 1996). According to the survey, 39000 zakat committees were working with 250 thousand volunteers (Shirazi 1996:166). The zakat contribution on 1981/1982 from 845.85 million Pakistani rupees to 4655.9 million in 1993/94 (Shirazi 1996:170). The money was spending to substance allowance for poor (708.622 million), rehabilitation (245.669 million Pakistani rupees) and 1738234 people benefited from the zakat contribution (Shirazi 1996:185). However, the latest figures on the issue are not available. The development of the Islamic charity and its faire distribution could lead to alleviate and then eradicate poverty in the Muslim countries. However, the institution either do not exist or unable to deliver the services effectively. At some places, this institution was suppressed due to the fear of the dominance and power politics. Nevertheless, the Islamic charity has potential to contribute to the welfare of the humanity. 4.3 Charity: Road towards the social justice According to Bremer (2004:1) the development of any society local resources are necessary. Islamic societies developed over a range of charity organizations to in order to address the needs of the needy and poor. These organizations are zakat boards, wakf (endowment) and diverse local structures reflecting the richness of Islamic culture from Dakar to Davao (Ibid). For her, a strong civil society is now widely recognized as an important pillar supporting democratic institutions in the West (Bremer 2004:2). The strength of the civil society leads towards the development of the democratic institutions. According to her, foreign aid and a government is not enough for development in Muslim societies. Bremer outlines that in recent years USAID has funded the creation of an NGO service center that provides technical assistance and training to civil society organizations, and has granted financial support directly to NGOs ranging from business associations to community development groups (B remer 2004:3). For her, this development contribution can be significantly increased with the assistance of Islamic charity in Muslim societies. Ultimately, this charity leads towards the establishment of the social justice system (Bremer 2004). The whole notion of charity revolves around the notion of social justice in the Muslim world. The charity is the strong instrument to bring in the social justice. It helps the marginalized population within the society and tries to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. 4.4 Charity: Funding for free education According to Blanchard (2007) religious school work as a charity organization in Muslim countries. They are source of providing education to the vulnerable groups, especially to the madrasas (religious schools). Madrasas offer a free education, room, and board to their students, and thus they appeal to impoverished families and individuals. On the whole these religious schools are supported by private donations from Muslim believers through a process of alms-giving known in Arabic as zakat. The practice of zakatone of the five pillars of the Islamic faithprescribed that a fixed proportion of ones income be given to specified charitable causes, and traditionally a portion of zakat has endowed religious education (2007:4). Blanchard (2007) provides information that in Pakistan Madrasas are being observed by the government regarding their finance sources after 9/11 attack in the United States. He reveals that the madrasas are contributing to provide the education to the poorest. He found that madrasas are registered in Pakistan and their financial assistance is observed by the Government of Pakistan since August 2006 (Blanchard 2007:5). Nonetheless, the charity could fill the gap of the education. 4.5 Charity: Belief and health seeking behaviour A study highlights the importance of the sadaqah in health seeking behaviour in Pakistan (see Midway, Tabasco, Hani, and Khan 2010). This study revealed those patients who strongly belief and practice sadaqah (charity) feel better and believe that they can recover their health after giving charity to the poor. According to this research, almost 85% of the respondent thought and gave charity. The study reveals that the sadaqah is usually giving in the form of money (85.2%) clothes (49.2%) and sacrificing an animal (65.5%). Almost 92% of the respondents relate the belief and practice of sadaqah giving in the hope of recovery from illness. Nevertheless, charity gives internal strength to the patients and they believe that they can have better health recovery after giving the charity. 4.6 Islamic charity is universal or specific notion of welfare: There are two views about the Islamic charity. One, it is localized notion of welfare and limited to the only Muslims and the Muslim societies. The Muslims are contributors as well as consumer of the charity. This perspective is under criticism among a large segment of the Muslim scholars (see Benthall 1999). However, the second point of view is that Islamic charity is universal and every human being without border, creed and dogma can benefit from the charity. However, the charity contribution is applied only on Muslims. The Muslim contributes to the charity and gives equal importance to the whole human being in order to disburse the charity (Benthall 1999). However, they do not impose on the non- Muslims. Nevertheless, only Muslims are contributor of the Islamic charity. However, it is equally important to give the charity to the non-Muslims. There is no specification of creed or dogma in the Islamic charity (except zakat). The zakat is limited to the Muslim societies. The donation are without any religious affiliation or association. 5. Discussion There is wide spread opportunity to get resources in order to feed the marginalized segment of the society, as per the notion of Islamic charity, then why the Muslim countries are dependent upon foreign aid is a question which is often raised. In fact, there are two major reasons of the dependency of the Muslim societies on the foreign aid and remain in the vicious cycle of poverty and under development. 5.1 Collapse of the charity institution: Change in the charity institutions Muslim countries depend upon the foreign aid because they were unable to maintain their institutions. Such institutions were collapsed during the colonization or soon after (Bremer 2004). In the eyes of the colonial masters, the Muslim charity institutions were the symbol of Muslim legacy and they were a source of the rise of the Muslim power. Therefore, it was necessary to abolish such institution from the Muslims societies (Bremer 2004). Especially, the zakat institution was under strong scrutiny during the colonial era because it was believed that this institution supports the freedom struggle. The colonial powers developed the institution of welfare instead of the zakat institution. However, this welfare institution, developed by the colonial powers, was perceived as not ones own. It was considered as a symbol to get money, but without any legacy (Bremer 2004). It was just perceived as the symbol of the colony and soon after become the source to collect the money by hook or by crook. People wanted to get benefited from the social welfare but not were ready to pay it back. Therefore, it was not much institutionalized as the zakat was spread during the Muslim era in the Middle East and in the Muslim countries before the 19th century. However, the Islamic charity institutions are believed as part of the worship of the God. Therefore, there were rare cases of the unfairness or corruption. They have strong check and balance to maintain the charity among the Muslim charity organizations. Nonetheless, the change in the charity institution brought mistrust and unfairness in the charity. Many of the Muslims societies became the prey of it and remain in the vicious cycle of poverty and under development. 5.2 Collapse of morality: Change to develop a new morality based on materialism Islam appreciates the giving hands (charity giver) and discourages the charity recipient. According to Islam, giving hand is better than the receiving hand. However, current scenario does not reflect the basic ideology of the charity of Islam. Despite of the fact that the zakat remain as an institution among the Muslim societies at individual level. However, it was not developed at the state level after the colonial era. It was perceived that state is in the hands of someone else (colonial masters or their local representatives) and there was not any institutionalized method of the zakat collection and its distribution. This mistrust or non-confidence led to collapse the real notion of the moral economy among the Muslims. In Islamic morality, there are two sets of rights and obligation for a Muslim: the rights to worship God and the right to serve the humanity. In Islam, the right of God may be put aside by the God, if He wants to do so. However, the right to serve the humanity cannot be neglected until unless the fellow human beings do not forgive it. It is exclusive related with the people and their rights. They (people, especially poor and the needy) have to forgive their rights to the fellow Muslims. So the Islamic moral values exclusive emphasize on the welfare and social security of the humanity and the marginalized group of the society. However, the collapse of the Islamic morality of charity is dominated phenomenon in the current era. It does contradict on the basic philosophy of the Islam that spends everything to the humanity which is surplus. However, the materialism and greed for wealth is dominant in the current culture of the Muslim societies. It is depicted in the life style and in the emerging value system. Consequently, it is affecting the basic notion of the Islamic charity and changing the moral economy of the Muslim in the contemporary era. 7. Conclusion Islamic concept of charity is much associated with the Muslim societies. It forms a moral economy and moral value systems (give charity and worship to the God). It also strengthens the notion of close social networking of the Muslims. However, it does not neglect the humanity at large. It gives a due share to provide the help to the people of the world. The charity is given to the needy, poor, scholars, charity organizations and welfare of the society at large. However, criticism to retain the Muslim charity among Muslim is not exclusive from the discussion of the charity. Dominant point of view, however, is in favour of the humanity rather than the welfare of the any specific community. Islamic charity begins from the individual level. It creates the space for the state. However, it does not exclusive involve the state to regulate the charity. The charity in Islam is equally important to the worship of God. Islam emphasize the worship of God (right to obey the God) and the service for the humanity (the rights of the poor and the needy). The charity is the right of the fellow human beings who are in need and it cannot be neglected as per Islamic moral economy. The Islamic charity is grounded in the concept of the moral economy.

Disadvantages Of The Clil Methodology Education Essay

Content and Language Integrated Learning ( CLIL ) is â€Å" an advanced attack to acquisition, a dynamic and actuating force with holistic characteristics † ( Paresi et al. 2001: 77 ) . This method of larning the content of capable through a foreign linguistic communication has been acclaimed worldwide as a pedagogical tool of supplying scholars with a particular learn-promoting atmosphere. Although surveies conducted in CLIL schoolrooms have demonstrated legion positive effects on linguistic communication competencies and attitude, there are still certain accomplishments which can non be developed every bit successfully as in traditional schoolrooms. First of wholly, this concerns productive accomplishments which are fostered less efficaciously in CLIL categories. Therefore, extra schemes are much needed in order to hike both unwritten and written accomplishments. One of such suited techniques is concerted acquisition ( CL ) , which gives scholars an chance to work with their equals and, what is even more of import, motivates them. Integrating CL into CLIL may assist ease overall linguistic communication proficiency and make a high degree of larning motive. This paper will analyze how pupils may be motivated in CLIL categories by implementing CL. The intent of the survey is to demo how CLIL enriched by CL can make a motivation acquisition environment. The first subdivision of the paper is an debut, which is followed by an overview of the research conducted on CLIL in Europe. Section 3 trades with the drawbacks of the CLIL attack and Section 4 is devoted to CL, which is divided into three subdivisions. First subdivision gives an overview of CL research done in Europe. The following subdivision defines CL as a term and the undermentioned subdivision investigates the specialnesss of CL organisation of the acquisition. Section 5 discusses how a blend of CLIL and CL can lend to making actuating category atmosphere. The concluding subdivision will pull a decision approximately CL as one of the most utile techniques to increase pupils ‘ motive to larn linguistic communication.2. CLIL research in EuropeAs already stated in the debut, this subdivision deals with research surveies carried out in European states and points out chief treatments refering CLIL as a instruction method, viz. its influence on lingual and cognitive competenci es of scholars. Before lucubrating on CLIL research, it should be noted that there is â€Å" still a well-documented dearth of research in this country † ( Perez- Canado 2011: 315 ) . CLIL is a particular method of â€Å" instruction and larning through a foreign linguistic communication † ( March 2002: 54 ) , which has been widely acknowledged across Europe. This attack of incorporating content and linguistic communication in the schoolroom has gained an increasing popularity in European states in the 1990s when greater degrees of foreign linguistic communication proficiency and new signifiers of bilingual instruction were needed due to socio-economic integrating and globalisation. Being introduced and developed by Council of Europe in 1996, CLIL attack was later underpinned by a series of schoolroom based surveies which provided grounds for its advantages. Overall, research work carried out on CLIL affirms that â€Å" it is safe and promising manner of learning both for foreign ling uistic communication and a content topic † ( Gregorczyk 2012: 10 ) . Findingss have showed that CLIL has positive impact non merely on content acquisition ( californium. Serra 2007 ; Deller & A ; Price 2007 ; Seikkula-Leino 2007 ; Vollmer 2008 ; Jappinen 2006 ) , but besides on L1 and L2 competencies ( californium. Masih 1999 ; Lorenzo, Casal & A ; Moore 2009 ; Coyle, Hood & A ; March 2010 ) . Besides, there are some research workers who emphasize the ability of CLIL to better content and linguistic communication competencies and who strongly believe in the importance of the CLIL methodological analysis ( californium. Mehisto & A ; March 2008 ) .3. Disadvantages of the CLIL methodological analysisDespite the presented potency of CLIL undertaking, several disadvantages of the content-based linguistic communication instruction were observed and investigated by different bookmans and learning experts. These surveies have demonstrated that particularly productive accomplishments a re less boosted in CLIL schoolrooms and are achieved at well lower degrees of public presentation than receptive accomplishments. This means that both speech production and composing accomplishments are reported to be negatively affected in content-based contexts. Particularly unwritten production of scholars is likely to neglect to be successfully developed and improved in CLIL categories ( Perez- Canado 2011: 317 ) . Although some research workers argue that good synergistic accomplishments can be acquired in content-based schoolrooms ( Moore 2011: 533 ) , Casal ( 2006: 1 ) points out that scholars have few chances to pass on with each other which may hold a negative impact non merely on unwritten but besides on written production. Furthermore, it is indispensable to concentrate much more attending on composing in content-based categories in order to go more positive results ( Dulton-Puffer 2007: 36 ) . Apart from the inquiries of negatively affected lingual competencies raised by assorted research workers, other bookmans were concentrated on issues associated with linguistic communication development ( californium. Dalton-Puffer 2007 ; Merisuo-Storm 2007 ) . However, merely few surveies are concerned with scholars ‘ attitudes or perceptual experiences ( californium. Hunt 2011 ) . Since this paper is focused on CL as an effectual instruction tool for actuating scholars in CLIL categories, the research done on CL will be briefly discussed in the first subdivision of the following subdivision devoted to CL.4. Concerted acquisition.4.1. Overview of European surveies on CLThough the term concerted acquisition was coined in the USA in the 1940s, most research has been undertaken merely during the last 30 old ages and has done much to progress theoreticians and instructors ‘ cognition of cooperation instruction. By looking at CL research outside the USA, there are merely few E uropean states in which thorough and cardinal surveies on CL have been conducted, viz. in Italy by Lopriore ( 1999 ) and Spain by Lobato Fraile ( 1998 ) , Rodriguez Tunas and Morales Urgel ( 1998 ) , Casal ( 2005 ) , every bit good as in the Netherlands by Van Oudenhoven, Van Berkum and Swen-Koopmans ( 1987 ) . More research on CL is surely needed in Europe, which could put peculiar emphasis on the benefits of the incorporation of CL into CLIL categories, because this might heighten CLIL greatly.4.2. Definition of concerted acquisitionCL promotes better scholar ‘s accomplishment than traditional acquisition attacks ( Slavin 1984: 256 ) . CL is known for its utile and effectual instructional value in linguistic communication acquisition and in instruction in general. There exists a big assortment of definitions of CL which depend on the theoretical attack behind this term. For Olsen & A ; Kagan ( 1992: 8 ) CL is a group larning pattern with a particular construction, where larn ing depends on â€Å" the socially structured exchange of information † between pupils who are responsible non merely for their ain results and advancement but besides for those of their equals. Similar to Olsen & A ; Kagan ( 1992 ) Johnson & A ; Johnson ( 1981: 446 ) position CL as a method of set uping â€Å" little groups so that pupils work together to maximise their ain and each other ‘s acquisition † . However, there are several broader definitions of CL, for illustration, one that is given by Jacobs, Power & A ; Loh ( 2002: A 1 ) who define CL as â€Å" rules and techniques for assisting pupils work together more efficaciously † . Another generalisation of the term CL can be found in the surveies by Damon & A ; Phelps ( 1989: 136 ) where research workers postulate CL as an overarching impression consisting â€Å" a scope of team-based acquisition attacks † . Overall, the definition of CL varies harmonizing to the facet of larning which is of primary importance for a peculiar theoretician. In this paper CL is regarded as an effectual pedagogical tool for bettering productive accomplishments in CLIL categories and for actuating linguistic communication scholars, and therefore, peculiar attending is drawn to both academic accomplishment and societal relationships, which may be enhanced in a concerted environment. The accentuation of these benefits of CL can besides be explained by the fact that scholars in a concerted scene follow the purpose of the group and seek to assist each other in larning which serves as a motivation force for their preparedness to inform and help their equals ( Gillies & A ; Boyle 2010: 933 ) .4.3. Organization of larning in concerted schoolroomsThe predating treatment has demonstrated non merely the assortment of definitions of the term CL, but besides has highlighted the advantages of this effectual group larning technique. This subdivision will show the bing methods of forming of the acquisition procedure in concerted schoolrooms to demo the effectivity of CL for CLIL attack. There are several schemes of set uping larning in concerted schoolrooms, which is based on different attacks such as Leaning Together ( californium. Johnson & A ; Johnson 1981 ; Johnson, Johnson & A ; Holubec 1992 ) , Complex Instruction ( californium. Cohen 1994 ) , Group Investigation ( californium. Sharan 1994 ) , Student Team Learning ( californium. Slavin 1995 ) and Structural Approach to CL ( californium. Kagan 1994 ) . Obviously, certain similarities and differences can be found among them, nevertheless, and they are all underpinned by the basic rules of CL, viz. , positive mutuality and single answerability. At this point it should be stated that it is non merely the execution of CL attack into CLIL contexts which is important but besides the effectual and decently designed group methods with their built-in rules from which CLIL may profit well. Furthermore, a immense assortment of CL techniques will do content-based categories more exciting for each scholar. ( californium. J acobs, Power, & A ; Loh 2002 ; Sharan 2010 ) . Some of them are presented by Jacobs ( 2004: 4-5 ) , e.g. Circle of Speakers, Write-Pair-Switch, Question-and-Answer Pairs, etc. Importantly, the incorporation of such group activities into CLIL â€Å" provokes pupils to endeavor † ( Brecke & A ; Jensen 2007: 57 ) .5. Execution of CL in CLIL schoolroomsAs already discussed in the old subdivision, CL techniques may increase scholars ‘ motive. However, non merely group activities per Se motivate pupils, but it is a ‘social interaction ‘ that is so extremely of import for them, and by and large, for kids begin to larn at an early age ( Gillies & A ; Boyle 2011: 933 ) . Motivation together with exposure and usage are defined as important requirements for effectual linguistic communication acquisition ( Willis 1996: 11 ) . Therefore, supplying scholars with more societal contacts and peer interaction activities will actuate them to win and to larn. This does non inte nd that in content-based categories pupils can non interact and are non motivated. Pistorio ( 2010: 2 ) underscores that CLIL has a possible to bring forth a â€Å" socially constructed acquisition environment † . Furthermore, CLIL, being based on ‘intristic motive ‘ , gives a batch of chances to larn linguistic communication by the way ( Paresi et al. 2001: 79-80 ) . In add-on, some research worker ( e.g. Hunt ( 2011: 365 ) posit that CLIL programmes can work out the job of â€Å" alienation † in L2 across Europe ( Lorenzo, Casal & A ; Moore 2009: 12-13 ) . However, harmonizing to Seikkula-Leino ( 2007: 330 ) , linguistic communication and content incorporated into the learning environment can non be equated with success. Therefore, an luxuriant combination of indispensable characteristics of CLIL attack and CL techniques will give more positive consequences, and, at the same clip, will better scholars ‘ motive. â€Å" This integrating provides a mo tivational and cognitive footing for linguistic communication acquisition † ( Snow, Met & A ; Genesee 1989: 202 ) .6. DecisionIn decision, CLIL being applied in European schools has been developed to heighten bilingual instruction and has surely the potency for growing. In order to avoid some booby traps of the content-based acquisition, viz. negatively affected productive accomplishments, an extra instruction method – CL – has been suggested. In this paper, CL techniques with their important rules were demonstrated as successful pedagogical tools which may better academic accomplishment and societal interaction in a CLIL environment. Underliing the importance of societal interaction as one of the built-in conditions for successful linguistic communication acquisition, this survey has proved that CL may be efficaciously integrated into content-based schoolrooms in order to accomplish both a higher degree of motive and to hike lingual competency outcomes overall. Furthermore, since assorted CL activities force equal interaction, they can besides further talking accomplishments by actuating pupils to pass on with other. Further research in this country is needed to place other positive facets of CL, which are suited for CLIL and which may be applied efficaciously, particularly to better composing accomplishments. It will be besides indispensable to place other cooperation characteristics which may increase motive to larn linguistic communication in content-based categories. Of class, CLIL needs to continue with development and research non merely to foreground its advantages, but besides to concentrate on extra instruction techniques in order to vouch that pupils can successfully develop both their receptive and productive accomplishments in a content-based environment. The consequences of this paper show that CLIL ‘s benefits will far outweigh the disadvantages when implementing CL into CLIL.

Air Asia

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (PMS 3393) ‘AIR ASIA’ Prepared by: Ahmad Izzuddin Bin Ahmad Zamri (4102005781) HaslindaBinti Ismail (4092008911) MohdAzuan Bin MohdAbdKadir (4102008091) Muhammad Khairil Anwar Bin Othman (4102004441) Nur An-NisaBintiRahmat (4071032881) SitiAisyahBintiMohdYusoff( 4102001031) SitiKhajirahBinti Abdul Aziz (4092008931) Prepared for: Dr. HafsahBinti Ahmad Submission Date: 22nd November 2012 Table of Content Acknowledgement1 Introduction2 History3 The Vision, Mission Statement and Objective5 Value Strategy6 Business Model8 Competitive Advantages10 AirAsia Assumption12SWOT Analysis13 The Air Asia 5 Forces Porter Model16 Air Asia Market Segments19 Five Years Financial Highlights22 Appendix24 References25 Acknowledgement Alhamdulillah. Thanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willingness has giving us the opportunity to successfully complete this Strategic Management assignment. First of all, we would like to express our special thank to Dr. HafsahBinti Ahmad, a le cturer of Strategic Management who had guided us and also provide a lot of information regarding our assignment from beginning to the end of the semester and also the valuable advices that he gave to us during our lectures.We are really appreciating it. Deepest thanks and appreciation to our parents, family and all fellow friends for their cooperation, encouragement, constructive suggestion and full of support for the assignment completion, from the beginning till the end. Without the help and guidance from all of you, it will be difficult for us to complete this assignment. Thank you. 1. 0 Introduction Air Asia is a Malaysian-based low-cost airline. Air Asia is Asia's largest low-fare, no-frills airline and a pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia.Air Asia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). Its affiliate airlines Tha i Air Asia, Indonesia Air Asia, Air Asia Philippines and Air Asia Japan have hubs in Suvarnabhumi Airport, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Clark International Airport and Narita International Airport respectively. Air Asia's registered office is in Petaling Jaya, Selangor while its head office is at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. 1. 1 HistoryAirAsia was established in 1993 and began operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom. On 2 December 2001 the heavily-indebted airline was bought by former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandes's company Tune Air Sdn Bhd for the token sum of one ringgit (about USD 0. 26 at the time) with USD 11 million (MYR 40 million) worth of debts. Fernandes turned the company around, producing a profit in 2002 and launching new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional fares as low as MYR 1 (USD 0. 7). In 2003, AirAsia ope ned a second hub at Senai International Airport in Johor Bahru near Singapore and launched its first international flight to Bangkok. AirAsia has since started a Thai subsidiary, added Singapore itself to the destination list, and started flights to Indonesia. Flights to Macau began in June 2004, and flights to mainland China (Xiamen) and the Philippines (Manila) in April 2005. Flights to Vietnam and Cambodia followed later in 2005 and to Brunei and Myanmar in 2006, the latter by Thai AirAsia.On August 2006, AirAsia took over Malaysia Airlines’ Rural Air Service routes in Sabah and Sarawak, operating under the Fly Asian Xpress brand. The routes were subsequently returned to MAS wings a year later, citing commercial reasons. Air Asia's CEO Tony Fernandes subsequently unveiled a five-year plan to further enhance its presence in Asia. Under the plan, Air Asia proposes to strengthen and enhance its route network by connecting all the existing cities in the region and expanding fu rther into Vietnam, Indonesia, Southern China (Kunming, Xiamen, Shenzhen) and India.The airline will focus on developing its hubs in Bangkok and Jakarta through its sister companies, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia. With increase frequency and the addition of new routes, AirAsia expects passenger volume to reach 18 million by the end of 2007 On 27 September 2008, the company had on its list 106 new routes to be added to its then-current list of 60. The number of old routes discontinued has not been publicly disclosed. On 2 April 2012 Air Asia had their first flight from Sydney to Kuala Lumpur.In August 2011, AirAsia agreed to forge an alliance with Malaysian Airlines by means of a share swap. The alliance was struck down by the Malaysian government, in effect voiding the agreement of both airlines. 2. 0 The Vision, Mission Statement and Objective The Vision To be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connecti vity and high fares. The Mission Statement †¢ To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family. †¢ Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand. To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with Air Asia. †¢ Maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service level. Future Objective for AirAsia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia-based AirAsia has recently announced in a press conference that they intend to purchase an additional twenty-five aircraft. The purchase is the second this year for the airline and fourth since the 2005. The purchase agreement is for 25 Airbus A320 series aircraft. This will bring the total A320 series aircraft operated by AirAsia to well over 200 aircraft.Air Asia group CEO Tony Fernades says at the press conference that this purchase is an important step for Air Asia as it signifies their future aggressive route expansion plans in tandem to their expected traffic growth over the next decade. It also demonstrates their commitment to enhance AirAsia's position on the networks by incorporating the most modern and efficient aircraft in the market. The addition of aircraft will be used to add frequency across the route network and introduce new routes. AirAsia's introduction to the aviation industry as an innovator has grown to the extent it is now a leader that sets the benchmark to others. Also speaking at the press conference was Airbus CEO John Leahy. Leahy was very excited about this newest order and says that their company have been extremely proud to be part of AirAsia's outstanding success and delighted that the confidence in the A320 has resulted in the airline now becoming the largest airline customer for this aircraft in the world. With its unbeatable economics and enormous passenger appeal, he is confident that the large A320 fleet is destined to propel AirAsia to the forefront of industry in the years ahead. 2. 1 Value Strategy * SafetyAdop ting a zero tolerance to unsafe practices and strives for zero accidents through proper training, work practices, risk management and adherence to safety regulations at all times. * High Aircraft Utilization Air Asia implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes and assuring the lower costs and higher productivity. * Low Fare, No Frills Providing guests with choice of customizing services without compromising on the quality and services. * Valuing their People Committing to their people’s development and well-being and treating them with respect, dignity and fairness. Customer Focused They care and treat everyone in the same manner that they want to be treated. * Lean Distribution System They also offer a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and traveling easier. * Integrity Practicing highest standards of ethical behavior and demonstrate honesty in all their lines of work in order to command trust and mutual respect. * Exce llence in Performance Setting goals beyond the best and reinforcing high quality performance standards and achieving excellence through implementing best practices. 2. AirAsia Business Model 1. Low Cost Carrier A low cost carrier (also known as a no-frills or discount carrier) is an airline that offer low fares but eliminates all â€Å"non-essential† services. The typical low-cost carrier business model is based on: * A single passenger class * A single type of airplane (reducing training and services costs) * A simple fares scheme (typically fares increase as the plane fills up, rewards early reservations) * Free seating ( which encourages passengers to board early) * Direct, point to point flight with no transfer Flying to cheaper, less congested secondary airport * Short flights and fast turnaround times (allowing maximum utilization of planes) * â€Å"Free† in-flight catering and other â€Å"complimentary† services are eliminated, and replaced by optimal pai d-for-in-flight food and drink. 2. Simple Products A typical low cost airlines product is extremely basic. It focuses on getting passenger from point A to B, cutting all the â€Å"extras†. This means there are no meals, drinks and snacks served free on the board. In certain airlines, these may be purchased on request.The aircraft have Narrow seating to permit greater capacity. Low cost airlines offer all-economy flights with no additional space requirement for wider business class seating. This means more passengers can be accommodate on each sector. There are no facilities for seat allocations as this free-seating makes passenger’s board the flights early to get themselves a decent seat. The pricing structures of low cost airlines allow for no additional schemes or sales promotion activities, including frequent-flyers programmed. 3. PositioningThe low cost airlines the world over are known to target non-business passengers, leisure traffic and the price-conscious busi ness passenger segment. The low cost model works best on short-haul point-to-point traffic with high frequencies. These airlines have aggressive marketing strategies and complete with all transportation carriers, including the road and railway networks. Most western low cost airlines fly to secondary airports which are cheaper to land into. However, this is not yet option in India. 4. Low Operation CostsLow cost airlines have a very lean organization structure and operating costs are kept to the bare minimum with low wages (as crew/staff requirement are low and generally fresher’s are preferred), low airport fees, low cost for maintenance and cockpit training (as these are typically outsourced). There is no requirement for standby crews due to a homogeneous aircraft fleet. Low cost carriers aim at achieving high resource productivity. This is generally achieved due to short ground waits (as turnaround times are kept minimal due to simple boarding processes, no air freight, no hub services and short cleaning times).Selling cost is also minimized as high percentage (if not 100%) of ticket sales is generate online, eliminating the margin that would otherwise need to be passed on as commissions to travel agents. 2. 3 Competitive Advantages 2. 4AirAsia Assumption Assumption 1: it is assumed that AirAsia’s customers can still be satisfied and chose AirAsia’s services even if the company does not improve their customer service, as the level and factors of satisfaction differ amongst different customers.Mathematical, these three assumptions can be stated as: A3 = A2 + A1 Where A3 = Customer loyalty through improved services in AirAsia is dependent on; A2 = Customer (repurchase) behavior and; A1 = Customer satisfaction level based on previous experience. Assumption 2:  it is improvement of AirAsia’s customer services will result in improved customers satisfaction and preference for their services, but does not guarantee future repurchase i ntention, thus reducing the chances of customer retention and loyalty.Assumption 3: from the figure (3) above, it is assumed that an improvement in AirAsia’s customers services will enhance customers patronage (which can be measured by the number of repeat purchase and/or intention to repurchase) by improving customer’s experience with their services and enhancing their preference for AirAsia’s services compared to that of AirAsia’s competitors. 3. 0 SWOT Analysis Strengths * Air Asia has a very strong management team with strong links with governments and airline industry leaders.This is partly contributed by the diverse background of the executive management teams which consists of industry experts and ex-top government officials. For example, Shin Corp (formerly owned by the family of former Thai Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra) holds a 50% stake in Thai Air Asia. This has helped Air Asia to open up and capture a sizeable market in Thailand. With their strong working relationship with Airbus, they managed to get big discount for aircraft purchase which is also more fuel efficient compared to Boeing 737 planes which is being used by many other airlines. The management team is also very good in strategy formulation and execution. The strategy that they have formulated at the beginnings was a clever blend of proven strategies by other low cost airlines is US and Europe. They are Ryanair’s operational strategy (no frills, landing in secondary airport), Southwest’s people strategy (employee comes first) and Easyjet’s branding strategy (linking with other service providers like hotels, car rental). * AirAsia is the low cost leader in Asia. With the help of AirAsia Academy, AirAsia has successfully created a â€Å"low-cost airline mentality† among their workforce.The workforce is very flexible and high committed and very critical in making AirAsia the lowest cost airline in Asia. * The excellent ut ilization of IT have directly contributed to their promotional activities (email alerts and desktop widget which was jointly developed with Microsoft for new promotions), brand building exercise (with over 3 million hits per month and on the most widely surfed booking engines in the world) as well keep the cost low by enabling direct purchase of tickets by consumer thus saving on airline agent fees. Weaknesses Air Asia does not have its own maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility. It may be a good strategy when they first started with only Malaysia as the hub and few planes to maintain. But now, with few hubs (Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia) and over 100 planes currently owned and about another 100 planes to be received in the next few years, AirAsia have to ensure proper and continuous maintenance of the planes which will also help to keep the overall costs low. It is a competitive disadvantage not to have its own MRO facility. * AirAsia receives lot complaints from ustom ers on their service. Examples of complaints are around flight delays, being charged for a lot of things and not able to change flight or get a refund if customers could not make it. Good customer service and management is critical especially when competition is getting intense. Opportunities * There are 2 major events that are taking place now or going to take place in less than 6 months from now. First is the ever increasing oil price. Second is the â€Å"ASEAN Open Skies† agreement that has been reached. * The increasing oil price at the first glance may appear like a threat for AirAsia.But being a low cost leader, AirAsia an upper hand because its cost will be still the lowest among all the regional airlines. Thus, AirAsia has a great opportunity to capture some of the existing customers of full service and other low cost airline’s customers. However, there will be also some reduction in overall travel especially by casual or budget travelers. * There is also some opportunity to partner with other low cost airlines as Virgin to tap into their existing strengths or competitive advantages such as brand name, landing rights and landing slots (time to land). The population of Asian middle class will be reaching almost 700 million by 2010. This creates a larger market and a huge opportunity for all low cost airlines in this region including AirAsia. Threats * Certain rates like airport departure, security charges and landing charges are beyond the control of airline operators and this is a threat to all airlines especially low cost airlines which tries to keep their cost as low as possible. For example, Changi airport in Singapore charges SGD21 for every person who departs from Singapore. AirAsia’s profit margin is about 30% and this has already attracted many competitors. Most of the full service airlines have or planning to create a low cost subsidiary to compete directly with AirAsia. For example, Singapore Airlines has created a low cos t carrier Tiger Airways. * Users’ perception that budget airlines may compromise safety to keep costs low. 3. 1 The AirAsia 5 Forces Porter Model Internal Rivalry According to the geographic and product market, Lion Air, Batavia Air, Mandala Air, SriwijayaIndonesia and even Garuda Indonesia are Air Asia’s competitors.They also provide cheap prices andnumerous flight routes in South Asia. All these flight companies compete in price except GarudaIndonesia which has a different strategy. As consumer of Garuda, they will get a value-added. Air Asiaclaims that they have no Admin fees but in reality, there are many additional fees which don’t exist inother flight companies. Which is free for some companies is not for other ones. For instance, customers canspeak about booking seats fees or luggage fees. This is definitely the price dimension which matters onthis specific market.Thus the firms struggle on their costs. For instance Air Asia is well-known for theconsidera ble development of its Information Technology. Thanks to the considerable use of the IT, theyget low costs and are then able to offer low prices. In Asian developing countries, the middle class isgrowing up. This creates huge opportunities for the airlines. The companies will have to fight to get somemarket shares because customers are not loyal and switch easily from one company to another. Barriers to Entry Brand awareness is quite important in this industry.To enter this industry not only is requiredhigh capital but also brand image. Most of the time consumers choose the product or service they reallytrust. New entrants have to create brand loyalty by making huge investments to establish their reputation. The government legislation is one of the barriers for entering airlines industry. Therefore it isvery difficult getting a new flight route from the government. If Air Asia doesn’t get any more flight-routes, it may affect their profit because they need to extend their net work. Hopefully Air Asia has always been close to the governments in South Asia.For instance in Thailand, Shin Corp formerly owned by thefamily of former Thai Prime Minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, holds a 50% stake in Thai Air Asia. Thishelped Air Asia to open up and capture a sizeable market in Thailand. Government policies have limitednew entrances, which is a good thing for Air Asia because they are already settled on the market. Key inputs as technological know-how, raw materials, distribution or locations may also limit theaccess to the market. But when a company already established creates its own low cost firm, the key inputs are not a problem anymore.Tiger Airways which has been created by Singapore Airlines is one of the most dangerous competitors of Air Asia Supplier’s Power In airline industry, the power of suppliers is quite high. First there are only two major planessuppliers which are Airbus and Boeing. However both suppliers provide almost the same standardaircra fts, so that the possibility of consumers to switch is low. Moreover Air Asia ordered large amountsfrom Airbus in order to expand its routes to international routes. They built a strong relationship and Air Asia managed to get big discounts.Then Air Asia uses the fuel supplier (AVTUR) from Pertamina which prices are very sensitive. Itmay affect the ticket price. Moreover Air Asia, as Lion Air or Mandala, doesn’t use catering suppliers. They only offer snacks on flight and this is not for free. Lastly, Air Asia doesn’t have its ownmaintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility. If this was not a problem before when they only startedin Malaysia, now with three hubs and an important fleet of aircraft, it might be too expensive. Air Asiamust pay attention to this, not having its own MRO facility is a competitive disadvantage. Buyer’s PowerNowadays, buyers are much more informed and high-educated. That is why they are verysensitive to the price not matter the produc t or the service. Even if Air Asia always provides the lowest price to the costumer, they still will make a comparison between the different airlines. Besides it is veryeasy and costless for the customer to switch from one company to another one because many are offeringthe same service. Moreover Air Asia often gives a bad image to the costumers because of their chronicflight delays. People could choose for another company to be sure being on time. Substitutes and ComplimentsSometimes the consumer is not so much interested in the main product for some reasons. On thelow cost market, the main reason will be the price which he judges too expensive. Then he will look for substitutes. In the airline industry, we can meet two types of substitutes, the direct ones and the indirectones. If the customer is looking for transportation for a short distance, he can look for indirect substitutessuch as bus, train or ship. But travelling will take a longer time. He has to make a strategic choice between time and money. In Indonesia, the railroad industry is monopolized by PT. KAI so there is nocompetition.Regarding the bus and the ship, there are many companies so many choices. Some are the property of the government, some are private. If he is travelling on a longer distance, he will look for adirect substitute, that is to say other airlines. Teleconferencing and other type of business communicationsmay also be substitutes to air travel. Then they would affect the demand for airplanes. 3. 2 AirAsia Market Segments Market segmentation varies for each product but typically targets price oriented customers through their slogan â€Å"Now everyone can fly† Air Asia’s philosophy of low fares is aimed to make flying affordable for everyone.Air Asia also aims at making travel easy, convenient and fun for its guest. Full market coverage Products offered to customers cover all areas of a budget traveler. 3. 3 AirAsia 5 years Financial Highlights Appendix 4. 0 Reference s 1) History of AirAsia en. wikipedia. org/wiki/AirAsia 2) AirAsia’s vision, mission and objectives www. airasia. com/iwov†¦ /AirAsia/IR/AA%20Corporate%202007b. pdf 3) AirAsia value strategy announcements. bursamalaysia. com/†¦ /AIRASIA-†¦ 4) AirAsia business model en. wikipedia. org/wiki/No_frills 5) Competitive advantage www. academia. edu/†¦ AirAsia_The_Worlds_Lowest_Cost_Airline 6) Strategic directions http://www. scribd. com/doc/14214973/Air-Asia-Strategic-Analysis 7) Strategic assumptions http://www. iservices. ilokabenneth. com/research_proposal_AirAsia. html 8) SWOT analysis www. allfreepapers. com/Miscellaneous/Air-Asia/9363. html 9) 5 Forces model www. studymode. com/subjects/air-asia-porter's-five-forces-page1. html 10) AirAsia market segmentations www. scribd. com/doc/51874782/14/MARKET-SEGMENTS 11) AirAsia 5 years financial highlights www. airasia. com/my/en/about-us/ir-5-year-financial-highlights. page

Quotes Analysis in Fahrenheit 451 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 930 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Fahrenheit 451 Essay Ray Bradbury Essay Did you like this example? The quote is trying to say that Montag was really happy and had a smile on his face to being unhappy and frowning. He does this by using a simile by comparing his smile turning into a frown and a burning candle. This is important because Montag believes he is happy but the more he thinks about Is he happy and sees his bedroom, he starts to see that he is not truly happy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Quotes Analysis in Fahrenheit 451" essay for you Create order It reveals that Montag starts to see the reality in which he is not truly happy. I feel that this happens to everyone because everyone has that one moment when something happens to you and you try to play it off as everything is fine when really you are sad and want to be alone. The quote is saying that people in their society are afraid of firemen and dont get to know that person when they are just ordinary people. This is important because society just decides to make assumptions of people, society is afraid of the firemen and are just jumping to conclusions or assuming the kind of people those firemen are. This reveals the kind of society in which they live in, the society doesnt want to know people or socialize, they assume the character of that person. In this quote, Bradbury is saying that there are so many bad people in the world. It is important because out of all those billions of people in the world, you only seem to meet those that bring struggle to your life other than those that can bring peace and harmony to you. This starts to reveal Montags feelings towards society and not to get too close to anyone because we all live in a world where things might not be what you expect. I feel that Bradbury has a point here in which that society can turn on you at any point because you can never trust anyone because you never know what this person might be trying to do. The quote is trying to say that everyone is using everyone and moving on to the next and not care about that person. As if you were using a box of tissues, you use the tissue and move on to the next. This is important because it just comes to shows here society has come to, people dont just seem to care about others and are just trying to get something from them. This r eveals that people in their society are really bad and use people for their being. I feel that this true in many cases, in most relationships today, some people dont care about their partner and just go after them for one thing weather it is money or popularity. The quote is saying that this woman is getting the last feeling of her books before they burn them. This is important because it shows how important these books or any book in general is important to her because she is ready to be killed alongside with the books.This reveals that books are really important to people and that a books importance is not the physical book itself but what the book means to a person. I feel that books must really be something special because someone is willing to die for their books. The quote is trying to say that Beatty was concerned about Montag, he wan not worried about Montag but he felt something off about him. This is important because it starts to tell us about what Montag was thinking about, which was the fire last week. This reveals that Montag was worried about the man. Also, he starts to wonder if the firehouse has always been the way it was right now. This makes me feel that when you are worried or thinking about something, there is alway some one that is curious or wondering about what you are thinking about because in this quote Beatty knows that there is something off about Montag. The quote is trying to say that when at times you want to be left alone, it is not always the best choice because you need to be pushed or bothered in his case to be able to live life to the fullest and care about yourself and the world around you. This is important because Montag is telling Mildred that she is not living her life to the fullest. She believes that her life is great because that is the way the government in their society wants them to live. This reveals that being normal in their society means that they should be happy, but their society is living in an inaccurate definition of happiness. This makes me feel that we should take advantage of the life we live in because they dont have the access to do the things that we can.The quote is saying that a book must have some kind of value to it in order to make someone want to take their life for some books. This is important because this is the start of Montag questioning the way the firemen deal with books like why the fire men burn the books when people are so attached to them. This reveals the importance of a book for people and Montag new view or opinion on books. This makes me feel that a book must have quite the value to make someone risk their life because I am really attached to my cell phone along with millions of other people but I would not take my life for a cellphone.